Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Siti Nur Umami

Institutions
Airlangga University

Abstract
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an important factor to bust economic development and stimulate economic growth. Rapid economic growth has an impact on environmental degradation. This study aims to determine the direct, indirect, and total effects of FDI on CO2 emissions based on GNI (Gross National Income), categorized as low income countries, lower-middle income countries, upper-middle income countries, high income countries and global panel. This research uses General Method Moment (GMM) with three least square (3SLS) GMM approach. The data used in this research is retrieved from the World Development Indicator World Bank for period 1998-2014. The estimation results conclude there is a positive direct effect of FDI on CO2 emissions for lower-middle and upper-middle income countries, but not significant for low-income, high-income countries, and global panel. FDI has a significant positive indirect effect across all groups of countries and significant positive total effect across groups.

Keywords
Keyword: CO2 emissions, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), GMM, economic growth

Topic
Air Pollution

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BgN8EcqVPm9v

Corresponding Author
Puji Sucia Sukmaningrum

Institutions
Department of Islamic Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges and the impacts of greenbelt as an air pollution control. The impact of Green Belt is to be able to control various environmental problems such as air pollution in urban areas that have become industrialization area, so that the air quality has decreased due to factory activities. But in each procurement of Green Belt certainly has many challenges namely the lack of land for the construction of Green Belt as a result of green open space land that functions as a settlement, industrial, etc. Also, another challenge is the selection of vegetation that sometimes is not appropriate, so that the work of Green Belt is less maximum.

Keywords
Green Belt, Challenges, Impacts, Vegetation, Air Pollution

Topic
Air Pollution

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BEnQLwNATzGf